I will try to show that two paradigms derive from christian theology, from early christian theology: Political Theology, which grounds in the one god, the transcendence of sovereign power and – and this is the new thing – the economical theology which bases itself on the notion of an oikonomia, an economy conceived as an immanent order, domestic and not properly political, of both human and divine life. The first paradigm is juridical, or juridico-political, and will give rise to the modern theory of sovereignty, the second one is managerial and will lead to modern biopolitics up to the present domination of economy and management over all aspects of social life. The starting point of my investigations was the amazing discovery of the essential role played by the greek term oikonomia, economy, in the strategy of the theologians, who in the second century of the christian era elaborated the doctrine of trinity.
Review of: Vattimo, Gianni. _The Transparent Society_. Trans. David Webb. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1992. Agamben, Giorgio. _The Coming Community_. Trans. Michael Hardt. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1993.
justified the enormous importance I placed on image and story and gesture in communicating with the people that consulted with me. It also justified the efforts of philosophers like Wittgenstein, mentioned above, in not only searching out a different framework for the logics of communication but finding that they could be strikingly different from the classical logics that Western thinkers had come to see as the norm. The nonverbal, analogical vision of Bateson seemed especially pertinent to the project of psychotherapy, because it indicated that advice and expertise were not enough; you had to reach for connection at levels that lay beyond the scope of spoken words.
we all make use of paradigms in our work, but do we really know what a paradigm is, and what does it mean to use a paradigm in philosophy, in the human sciences, or even in art? These are the questions I will try to answer today.
dissertation that evaluates the moral permissibility of using genetic technology in order to ensure the birth of a deaf child.
Scholars who have adopted constructivist/contextualist world views have revived an interest in the writings of the Neapolitan scholar, Giambattista Vico. In this essay I will relate some of the central propositions found in Vico's (1992/1744) master work, La Scienza Nuova (The New Science), to foundational propositions embedded in a theory of personal constructs. To proceed toward that goal I will offer considerations and recommendations about the use of the psychological elements that scholars have signified by use of terms (1) such as construction, category, concept, idea, attitude, perception, perspective, schema, notion, module, and so forth. Thereupon, I will discuss some of Vico's writings to show the links between his positions and the issues which are important to modern constructivist theorists. I will highlight, particularly, the ways in which Vico provided a solution for the problem of explaining how persons acquire, develop, and use the psychological elements known as constructions or categories. I will show that Vico's solution to this problem entailed the use of propositions that can be compatible with propositions that are used by behaviors scientists who have promulgated narrative approaches to explanations of human conduct.
A relational constructionist or social constructionist thought style involves some very different ways of thinking about what it is to be a person, about knowledge, power, inquiry, organisational and community development and transformation or changework.
xvid configuration
an exercise in the identification of emotions expressed by the human face
This chapter describes a very different perspective on emotion, according to which emotions are: 1. Designed to function in a social context: an emotion is often an act of relationship reconfiguration brought about by delivering a social signal. 2. Forms of skillful engagement with the world which need not be mediated by conceptual thought 3. Scaffolded by the environment, both synchronically in the unfolding of a particular emotional performance and diachronically, in the acquisition of an emotional repertoire 4. Dynamically coupled to an environment which both influences and is influenced by the unfolding of the emotion
paul virilio
Language in clinical reasoning: using and learning the language of collective clinical decision making
The reverence that people display toward human rights -- it almost makes one want to defend horrible, terrible positions. It is so much a part of the softheaded thinking that marks the shabby period we were talking about. It's pure abstraction. Human rights, after all, what does that mean? It's pure abstraction, it's empty. It's exactly what we were talking about before about desire, or at least what I was trying to get across about desire. Desire is not putting something up on a pedestal and saying, hey, I desire this. We don't desire liberty and so forth, for example; that doesn't mean anything. We find ourselves in situations.
The obsession with identity fascism*
An introduction to physics for students engeneering
This cochlear model also offers the knowledge about the reasons why hearing aids like tuned amplifiers, frequency filters and cochlear implants still perform rather poorly and how a tremendous improvement of these aids can be realized.
Hearing Loss in the Workplace: 2007
Knowledge in the Contexts of Phenomenology, Hermeneutics, and Post-Structuralism Truth has a referential aspect to it, and it is a mistake to think that if we reject naive referentialism then we have escaped reference altogether. I disagree with those in the pragmatic tradition, such as Putnam, who argue that the concept of truth is built out of our understandings of justified beliefs, and does not go beyond this. It's easy to demonstrate that ordinary linguistic usage does not sustain such a view. Lots of times we hold out the possibility that a completely justified claim may yet not be true. What we want in seeking truth is not simply justification, but to know what is really the case. Consider the example of the sexual abuse of children. In some of these cases, there is a lack of sufficient evidence even for the victim herself to know for sure all of what happened. But the truth matters enormously. This is not to deny that that truth may have multiple layers, that it may be open to a certain variability in interpretation. But the basic facts of touching, feelings, words spoken, actions taken, have less variability and have a referentiality to events that we aim for in aiming for the truth. The middle road between absolutism and relativism allows for interpretation that is indexed to historical and cultural context, but this doesn't give us a dysfunctional relativism. Contexts, if I can put it like this, can speak to each other, can question each other, and can even be unified. Relativists like Rorty think that cultures are like linguistic prisons with no escape; he's apparently never met a person fluent in more than one language.
Capturing the collective intelligence of a diverse group of people to give you insight about what may happen in the future vs. relying solely on individual experts is a very powerful phenomena many organizations and individuals are increasingly taking advantage of
werkvormen en tussenkomsten die belangrijk zijn om de samenwerking te faciliteren, zodat alle deelnemers de verantwoordelijkheid voor de richting mee kunnen dragen. Een eerste belangrijke leiderschapsfunctie is het dragen van de negatieve gevoelens die dikwijls opgeroepen worden door deze manier van samenwerken (‘containment’). Onzekerheid en spanningen moeten een plaats krijgen en op een constructieve manier gebruikt worden zodat ze niet destructief worden voor de deelnemers of de samenwerking. Ten tweede is het belangrijk om te zorgen voor tijd en ruimte om te spreken over wat er op de voorgrond staat, om te spelen met toekomstideeën, en om van elkaar te leren (‘transitionele ruimte’). Zo ontstaat er een plek waar de deelnemers betekenis kunnen geven aan de veranderingen waar ze midden in zitten. De belangrijkste conclusie is dat in een multi-actor context die onvoorspelbaar is en vorm krijgt in de interacties tussen de betrokkenen, de aandacht en gevoeligheid voor de sociale dynamieken op de voorgrond komt te staan. Door kritisch en bewust met het eigen proces bezig te zijn, kunnen deelnemers samen vorm geven aan een nieuwe manier van organiseren en kunnen ze komen tot gedeelde en duurzame oplossingen voor de thema’s die hen binden.
Despite sporadic attention to the issue, the therapeutic professions lack theoretical frameworks and empirical tools to examine the way in which power operates in the therapeutic encounter. This thesis attempts to address this situation, firstly by orienting to the ways in which power is hidden in therapeutic practice, which accounts to some extent for the limited and fragmentary attention given to the issue, and secondly by proposing theoretical and methodological tools to make power visible. In doing so, I develop a view of power based principally on the ideas of Michel Foucault. This approach to power is useful because it not only facilitates an understanding of local therapist-client dynamics, but also promotes investigation of therapy’s function in the overall sociocultural and political context. Four questions provide the cornerstones for this thesis: (1) What forces impact on participants in the therapeutic encounter? (2) How is power concealed in therapy? (3) How can it be made visible? (4) What is the relationship between therapeutic power and the operation of power at a societal-political level? Each of these questions is addressed in different ways in the studies presented, and attention is given to the empirical examination of actual therapist-client interactions drawn from a variety of therapeutic perspectives. The thesis argues for the fundamentally social and political nature of therapeutic practice. Following this series of empirical studies, some theoretical and methodological tools are proposed to enable future studies on power and therapy, a four stage sequence is hypothesised to understand how persons are shaped into the position of clienthood, and a model is offered to account for therapy’s place in power’s circulation through society.
For academics, collaboration is an important way to look at and discuss particular themes that are of personal and community interests. Inter-organizational collaboration distinctively offers the possibility for academics to look beyond the familiar and the known, and as such to develop further one’s professional identity and produce rich and creative academic products. The central interest of this PhD study is how communicative processes proceed in inter-organizational project groups, in which academics from different socio-cultural contexts meet and aim to create something collaboratively. Our research question is how diversity comes to the fore in negotiation processes in inter-organizational academic collaboration. Understanding this process enables grasping the challenge of dealing with diversity and to suggest how to facilitate project groups in their boundary crossing endeavor. The research question is explored by studying two inter-organizational collaboration projects. In both cases we identified the socio-culturally informed, and personal viewpoints that play a role in the collaboration and explored in what way these came to the fore during the negotiation processes. Both project groups were followed two years by means of video-taping and observing project meetings, interviewing project members individually, and collecting e-mail communication and documentation. The study of the first project group involves a European collaboration project with 14 academics located in five different countries. What this case illustrates, is that the diverse points of view have to be made explicit in order to play a role in collaborative work. For group participants, this means that they have to consider the particularity of the other person’s arguments. This can be done by questioning what it ‘is’ we are relating to, and focusing on the other as stranger. The second case study involves a Dutch collaboration project of 16 academics from different research groups. In contrast with the case in the first study, this project group comes to define the diversity as they explicate the diverse voices they aimed to advance and integrate. Despite this explicitation of and shared responsibility for the diverse positions, this case shows that diversity requires a long-term dialogical process involving actively construing and shifting between various ways of looking and categorizing the diverse elements in the project activity. In a final study, we sketch some implications that can be drawn from the two case studies of project groups. We came to conclude that managing and making use of diversity subsist in overcoming imprisonment in meaning and in exploiting meaning potential. Managing and making use of diversity seems to subsist in engaging project groups in a continuous process of redefining. By means of such a process one can overcome the bounded nature of one perspective by means of another perspective, and establish flexibility to adapt to new situations. In this last study, we consider in what ways information and communication technology meant to support collaboration, can facilitate groups to redefine. Besides these studies, this thesis includes a conceptual review of group cognition and a methodological paper on an audit procedure, which helped grounding the main studies.
Face-to-face dialogue proceeds moment by moment, as the participants constantly and precisely respond to each other. Their reciprocal actions are the micro-social contexto f languageu sea nd sociali nteractionT. he old puzzleo f motor mimicry (e.g., wincing at someone else's injury) illustrates the benefit of moving outside the boundary of the individual and examining actions in their micro-social context. Motor mimicry is not simply imitativeo r emotional;t he evidenced emonstratetsh at it is a micro-social communicative act with a significant role in face-to-face dialogue. Unfortunately, experimental evidence demonstrating this role has usually been reinterpreted as evidence for traditional individual theories, ignoring the micro-social level.
In this study, we focus our analysis on how diversity discourses control minority employees indirectly by regulating their identities. We argue that such discourses do not control in a deterministic, top-down manner, and show that minority employees continuously engage with diversity discourses to construct themselves in organizations. power relations form a ‘material’ dimension of organizations in the sense that they are long-term and relatively undisputed, and, as a consequence, relatively undisputable by an individual. As Bourdieu’s (1990) doxa, they represent a (constructed) vision of ‘reality’ so naturalized that it represents the only ‘reality’ for all involved agents.
According to Cassell and Biswas (2000), the shift from equal opportunities to diversity management was marked with a move away from the emotive discourse and the moral case of equality such as elimination of discrimination and inequality by gender, ethnicity and disability, towards the individualized and performance driven business case arguments which were advocated by diversity management scholars. The shift of emphasis from group based inequalities to individual level differences in the diversity management discourse was starkly evident in some papers in the field
By tracing the origins of workforce diversity discourse to the domain of natural science and philosophy, and analyzing two other contemporary diversity discourses, biodiversity and the Human Genome Diversity Project, this paper reveals the essentialist assumptions upon which contemporary diversity discourse is based. It demonstrates how these essentialist assumptions structure the conceptualizations of workforce diversity presented in a sample of recently published organizational behavior textbooks. The organizational consequences of the adoption of this essentialized conceptualization of diversity are explored, and a suggestion for an alternative conceptualization of difference is offered.
Since diversity management was introduced in Europe in the late 1990s, it has been debated whether this new concept would act as a catalyst of organizational change in favour of underprivileged groups. This article argues that diversity management is interpreted in a specific societal and organizational context, and indicates how strong institutions make their impact on Danish versions of diversity management. On the basis of a case study of the implementation of diversity management in a specific organization, the authors analyse how discourses of diversity management and corporate social responsibility are combined. The study suggests that this version of diversity management potentially leads to changes in the positions of ethnic minorities, primarily in the form of assimilation, as it maintains a focus on the sameness of people, not on the value of difference or otherness.
The mainstream pedagogy of intercultural contact and communication has tended to give precedence to linguistic and cultural knowledge, the 'translation' of such knowledge, hence 'intercultural competence'. This paper argues what has been overlooked is the essential power saturation of intercultural encounters, where power is defined as textual practice of domination, exclusion or prejudice as well as contextual background of such relations and practices. As its central task, the paper suggests accordingly that new and alternative pedagogical discourses of combating power are needed and how such discourses can be implemented. Basically, this discursive transformation of intercultural pedagogy means that we teachers, trainers and consultants should try to introduce the discourses of diversity, equality, common goals and above all rational-moral motivation with respect to the Other - to society at large, starting with its youngest members possible. Methodologically, this work requires that we abandon the traditional role of imparting linguistic, cultural, and translation knowledge and try instead to develop a dialogue with students and practitioners through which we jointly initiate, (re-)formulate, debate and execute such new discourses.
The construction of an information system (IS) is a matter of producing viewpoints with relation to requirements for this IS. Viewpoint as a provider of “a particular representation of an object” makes one see this object of design differently from another (Détienne et al. 2005). Viewpoints are not only inscribed on paper or computer, but before this inscription happens, they are constructed socially as part of the underlying social context. When constructed, viewpoints are filtered out and negotiated, and they can be transformed for several purposes (e.g., Ovaska et al. 2005). Understanding this contextualized construction is important because it may lead to an IS that is meaningful for many people.
a reconceptualization of visual experience as a point of articulation of knowledge, power, and technological configurations within the social systems of modern society (cf. Heywood and Sandywell 1999: 248-249). In more particular terms, it would focus on the role of visuality in different institutional settings, including how visual signs of authority and value arise and are articulated, as means of expression and in the assertion of power. It would mean, in short, a politics of vision.
Biodiversity data are rapidly becoming available over the Internet in common formats that promote sharing and exchange. Currently, these data are somewhat problematic, primarily with regard to geographic and taxonomic accuracy, for use in ecological research, natural resources management and conservation decision-making. However, web-based georeferencing tools that utilize best practices and gazetteer databases can be employed to improve geographic data. Taxonomic data quality can be improved through web-enabled valid taxon names databases and services, as well as more efficient mechanisms to return systematic research results and taxonomic misidentification rates back to the biodiversity community. Both of these are under construction. A separate but related challenge will be developing web-based visualization and analysis tools for tracking biodiversity change. Our aim was to discuss how such tools, combined with data of enhanced quality, will help transform today's portals to raw biodiversity data into nexuses of collaborative creation and sharing of biodiversity knowledge.
Natuurinformatie.nl is een vat vol kennis over de natuur, over biologie en over geologie. Met het zoekscherm blader je door meer dan 5000 artikelen, geschreven door experts van onder andere Naturalis, Ecomare, Vogelbescherming en TNO Bouw en Ondergrond. Tevens kun je een vraag stellen die door een expert wordt behandeld.
A disability-focused commentary on the arts
the lower audible frequencies contain and can convey a great deal of information about the emotional state of a speaker.
The social construction imposes its own set of meanings on Disability that affect the lived experience of the Disabled; it is also a limited and prejudiced understanding of what a Disabled life can or cannot be, one that must be challenged and broadened by the lived experience. For example, what is the meaning of being blind? It is society’s constructed concept of Disability (and more specifically, of blindness) that gives a social meaning to that experience, both limiting it and in some cases pushing its meaning well beyond the simple condition of not being able to see. But the blind person acting in the world will confront time and again the idea of blindness, the idea of disability, which becomes the nexus of the lived experience and the social construction. It is our job as historians to understand how those meanings have evolved.
Setting aside for the moment (but only for the moment) the issue about what it is that a camera records, visual ethnography suggests a whole range of methods for collecting data
The online research database, ReseDa, presents the University’s research, competencies and research-based artistic activities. The material included in the database consists mostly of research and project related information and documents, research publications, information on researcher exchange, and on researchers' other artistic or societal activities.
Politics, Theory & Photography “What we need is a critique of visual culture that is alert to the power of images for good and evil and that is capable of discriminating the variety and historical specificity of their uses.” - W.J.T. Mitchell. Picture Theory (1994).
The staff's evaluations of clients' responses are part of their construction of moral identities for drug offenders. Staff members produce the client outcomes that some observers and evaluators attribute to client characteristics or conduct.
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